Sam studied cognitive science and philosophy at Johns Hopkins University, earned a master’s degree at the University of Trento in Italy, and received his PhD from Dartmouth College.

Sam's research leverages machine learning models to better understand the neural machinery supporting human communication and cooperation in ecological contexts. He is currently working on three related topics: (a) using deep neural networks as model organisms for cooperative behavior in an artificial ecosystem, (b) modeling how information is transmitted from brain to brain via spoken narratives, and (c) developing resources for a more community-driven cognitive neuroscience.